A Duplicated Copy of the Meiotic Gene ZIP4 Preserves up to 50% Pollen Viability and Grain Number in Polyploid Wheat

Although most flowering plants are polyploid, little is known of how the meiotic process evolves after polyploidisation to stabilise and preserve fertility.On wheat polyploidisation, the major meiotic gene ZIP4 on chromosome 3B duplicated onto 5B and diverged (TaZIP4-B2).TaZIP4-B2 was recently shown to promote homologous pairing, synapsis and cross

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Enhancing Algorithm Selection through Comprehensive Performance Evaluation: Statistical Analysis of Stochastic Algorithms

Analyzing stochastic algorithms for comprehensive performance and comparison across diverse contexts is essential.By evaluating and adjusting algorithm effectiveness across a wide spectrum of test functions, including both classical benchmarks and CEC-C06 2019 conference functions, distinct patterns of performance emerge.In specific situations, und

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